- A Ganglion Cyst is a fluid-filled lump that forms in a joint or tendon sheath, commonly found on the wrist, hand, or ankle. It is benign and not life-threatening.
- The cyst usually appears round or oval, has a smooth surface, and is movable. Most are painless, though some may feel dull or tight when moving the joint. If the cyst presses on a nerve, it may cause numbness, weakness, or limited movement.
- Treatment depends on symptoms and size. Small, asymptomatic cysts may just be monitored, while larger or painful cysts can be treated by aspiration or surgical removal by specialized orthopedic doctors to prevent recurrence.
People may notice a small lump on their wrist or ankle—this could be a Ganglion Cyst, caused by excessive fluid accumulation in joints or tendons. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options at Vibhavadi Hospital, including diagnosis with Ultrasound or MRI and treatment by fluid aspiration or surgical removal by orthopedic specialists.
What is a Ganglion Cyst and How Does It Look?
A Carpal Ganglion Cyst occurs specifically on the wrist, the most common location. These cysts are fluid-filled sacs containing a thick, jelly-like substance. They are not cancerous.
They commonly appear on the wrist, hand, fingers, or ankle. The cysts are usually round or oval, smooth, and movable. While often painless, some may feel dull pain or discomfort, especially with frequent wrist movement or pressure.
Ganglion cysts are more common in women, particularly aged 20–40, and in people who repeatedly use their hands or wrists, such as typists, mouse users, craftsmen, or athletes. Minor joint or tendon injuries may also trigger cyst formation.
Symptoms of Ganglion Cysts
Initially painless, cysts may cause dull pain or tightness as they enlarge or with frequent joint movement. Cyst size can vary with activity and may press on nerves, causing numbness or weakness in nearby areas.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause is unclear, but cysts likely form when joint or tendon sheath fluid leaks and accumulates under the skin. Risk factors include:
- Gender & Age: More common in women aged 20–40
- Joint Injury: Repeated trauma weakens the joint capsule
- Arthritis or Inflammation: Changes surrounding tissues increase cyst formation
- Tissue Degeneration: Aging increases cyst likelihood
- Repetitive Joint Use: Typing, mouse use, or sports can cause pressure and friction
- Joint Pressure Imbalance: Excess internal pressure may push fluid into surrounding tissue
Signs You Should See a Doctor
While often harmless, seek medical attention if:
- Rapid cyst growth or abnormal shape
- Pain, redness, swelling, or warmth (possible infection or inflammation)
- Numbness or weakness in nearby hand, fingers, or ankle
- Difficulty moving the joint
- Cyst ruptures or leaks fluid (avoid pressing or squeezing)
- Uncertainty if the lump is a cyst or another type of tumor
Diagnosis
- Medical history & physical exam: Check location, size, shape, consistency, and pain
- Transillumination test: Shine light through the cyst to check if it’s fluid-filled
- Ultrasound: Confirms fluid vs. solid mass
- MRI: For deep or complex cysts
- Aspiration: Fluid removal may confirm jelly-like content
Treatment Options
Non-surgical:
- For small, painless cysts, observation may be enough
- Avoid pressing or squeezing the cyst
- Splints or braces can reduce pressure and joint movement
Aspiration:
- Needle aspiration removes cyst fluid and can relieve pain
- Sometimes steroid injection reduces inflammation
- Recurrence is possible if the joint continues to experience pressure
Surgery:
- Recommended for large, painful, or recurrent cysts
- Entire cyst and stalk connecting to the joint or tendon are removed
- Can be open surgery or arthroscopic, depending on location
- Post-surgery rest and physical therapy help restore joint function
Post-Treatment Care
- Rest joint 1–2 days
- Apply cold compress 10–15 min, multiple times a day
- Use braces if recommended
- Gentle joint movement to reduce stiffness
- Physical therapy for strength and flexibility
- Warm compress for muscles/tendons
- Strengthening exercises (stress ball or resistance bands)
- Avoid repeated stress on joints
- Follow-up appointments to monitor recurrence
Prevention
- Avoid repetitive wrist/ankle activities for long periods
- Adjust ergonomics to reduce joint stress
- Stretch before and after activities
- Rest joints periodically
- Strengthen muscles around joints
- Prevent trauma to joints
- Consult a doctor for any persistent lumps or pain
Treatment at Vibhavadi Hospital
Although benign, untreated cysts can grow, compress nerves, and cause pain, numbness, or weakness, affecting daily function. Self-draining cysts risk infection.
Vibhavadi Hospital provides advanced orthopedic care, including Ultrasound and MRI diagnostics, aspiration, or surgical removal, followed by physical therapy to restore joint function safely.
Summary
Ganglion cysts are fluid-filled lumps in joints or tendon sheaths, most often on the wrist or ankle. They are benign but may cause discomfort or nerve compression. Diagnosis uses clinical exam, Ultrasound, or MRI. Treatments include observation, aspiration, or surgery. Post-treatment care and prevention are important. Persistent or painful lumps should be evaluated by an orthopedic specialist.
FAQ
How can I tell if I have a Ganglion Cyst?
Look for a movable, smooth lump under the skin on the wrist, hand, or ankle. Some may feel dull pain when using the joint. Confirm with Ultrasound or MRI.
Can a Ganglion Cyst heal on its own?
Small, painless cysts may shrink naturally. Larger or painful cysts require treatment to prevent complications.
Can Ganglion Cysts recur?
Yes, recurrence is possible, especially with repeated joint stress. Surgery removing the cyst and stalk reduces recurrence risk.
Does massaging or squeezing help?
No. Pressing can rupture the cyst, cause fluid leakage, infection, or inflammation. Always seek professional treatment.
